Navigating the complexities of settlement agreements
Published: April 8, 2024
Author: admin

Settlement agreements, previously referred to as compromise agreements, play a crucial role in resolving disputes or seeking to avoid them between employers and employees.

Settlement agreements, are legally binding contracts so its essential to understand all the terms as any subsequent action will place you in breach of contract and open up to litigation and potentially costs. This is why the employer will insist you take independent legal advice that it will need to pay for.

These agreements typically outline the terms and conditions under which an employee agrees to leave their position, often in exchange for a financial settlement.

Settlement agreements can cover various aspects such as severance pay, notice periods, confidentiality clauses, confidentiality and post-employment restrictions. You maybe placed on garden leave and/or references and announcements agreed between you.

Understanding the intricacies of settlement agreements is crucial for both parties involved in employment termination negotiations. Hence it pays to seek an experienced employment solicitor who can break down the terms and negotiate on your behalf, but essentially give you clarity and comfort as to what you are signing and the consequences of this.

Understanding the purpose of settlement agreements

This is often in favour of the employers but should be negotiated to benefit both sides. Settlement agreements serve several purposes, including:

  1. Resolving disputes: Settlement agreements provide a structured framework for resolving disputes between employers and employees, often relating to issues such as wrongful dismissal, redundancy, discrimination or grievances. Once this is signed both parties have contractually agreed not to take further action against each other.
  2. Confidentiality: They often include clauses to maintain confidentiality, preventing either party from disclosing the terms of the agreement or the circumstances leading to it. Allowing an amicable separation, which normally follows with mutual clauses not to make negative or derogatory statements about the other and agree a form of reference.
  3. Financial compensation: Settlement agreements commonly involve financial compensation for the employee, typically in the form of a severance package or compensation for loss of employment. Notice pay, benefits and leave are based on contractual terms and so subject to tax, but any damages for loss of office can be paid up to 30k tax free. This is the part many lawyers will seek to negotiate to fairly compensate the employee if there has been a dispute or if it’s a genuine redundancy and the employer is asking to reduce the consultation process etc.

Key components of settlement agreements

Several essential components must be included in settlement agreements to ensure their validity and enforceability under UK law:

  1. Full and frank disclosure: Both parties must provide full and honest disclosure of all relevant information to ensure that the agreement is made with informed consent. So an employee will have to confirm there is nothing undisclosed that would permit the employer to fairly dismiss them; that they currently don’t have any claims for personal injury or otherwise, for example.
  2. Legal advice: Employees must receive independent legal advice from a qualified solicitor or adviser before signing the settlement agreement. This requirement aims to ensure that employees understand their rights and the implications of the agreement, but is ultimately for the employer’s protection so it cannot later be challenged. The employer must pay for this advice.
  3. Consideration: Settlement agreements must offer something of value (consideration) to the employee in exchange for their agreement to waive their legal claims against the employer. This could be financial compensation, continuation of benefits, or other concessions such as reducing or waiving restrictions in the employment contract. Often we negotiate a reference, money and reduction of notice or restrictions depending on what aspects are more important than others.

Challenges and complexities

Despite their benefits, settlement agreements can present challenges and complexities for both employers and employees:

  1. Negotiation: Negotiating the terms of a settlement agreement can be challenging, particularly when parties have differing expectations or positions. Skilled negotiation and compromise are often necessary to reach a mutually acceptable resolution. It’s a juggling act between bettering the offer rather than losing the deal. Hence often when an employee has got as far as they can they hand this over to the solicitor.
  2. Tax implications: The tax treatment of settlement payments can be complex, with potential implications for both parties. Employees should seek advice from a tax specialist to understand the tax consequences of any financial settlement and/or pension. As accepting payment tax free means the employee is liable for the tax should HMRC determine tax is payable and there are indemnity clauses in the agreement to this effect. Paying into the pension schemes can be tax beneficial and this should be fully understood too.
  3. Legal language: Settlement agreements often contain complex legal language and terminology that may be difficult for non-lawyers to understand fully. It is essential for employees to seek legal advice to ensure they comprehend the terms and implications of the agreement fully. Someone should guide you through each paragraph and term as they contain warranties and promises that you are making.
  4. Waiver of rights: By signing a settlement agreement, employees typically waive their right to pursue legal action against the employer for the specified claims. It’s crucial for employees to understand the extent of the rights they are waiving and the potential consequences of doing so. As such, any potential claims should be discussed fully before these rights are compromised.

Payments and tax in settlement agreements

When is compensation tax free in a settlement agreement in the UK? In the UK, compensation payments made as part of a settlement agreement can be tax-free up to a certain threshold (£30,000) for specific types of claims. Generally, payments for injury to feelings or loss of office such as unfair dismissal or injury to reputation, typically arising from discrimination or harassment claims, are tax-free.

However, it’s essential to note that this tax exemption applies only to the compensation amount specifically related to injury to feelings or injury to reputation or loss of office, and any other elements of the settlement agreement may still be subject to taxation. Additionally, the tax treatment of settlement payments can vary depending on the circumstances, so it’s advisable for individuals to seek advice from a tax specialist or qualified advisor to understand the tax implications of their settlement agreement fully.

How to negotiate restrictive covenants in your employment contact

Negotiating restrictive covenants in an employment contract requires careful consideration and strategic planning. Here are some steps to effectively negotiate restrictive covenants:

  1. Understand the covenants: Thoroughly review and understand the restrictive covenants outlined in the employment contract. These may include non-compete clauses, non-solicitation clauses, non-disclosure agreements and confidentiality clauses. As not all need to be addressed and some will clearly not be agreed by the employer to be removed, such as poaching clients, so you need to decide what to challenge and what to compromise with.
  2. Identify concerns: Determine which specific restrictive covenants are of concern to you and why. Consider how they may impact your future career opportunities, relationships with clients or colleagues, and ability to work in your industry. As you only want to negotiate key elements picking your battles is key, but the reasoning is a good way to start the discussion.
  3. Reasonable restrictions: Understand industry standards and legal precedents as some offer 3, 6 or 12 month restrictions the longer the less likely they are enforceable other than senior roles or those in direct client facing or trade secret roles.
  4. Propose modifications: Develop alternative proposals for restrictive covenants that address your concerns while still meeting the employer’s needs where necessary. For example, you may suggest narrowing the scope or duration of non-compete clauses or specifying exceptions to non-solicitation clauses.
  5. Be flexible: Be prepared to negotiate and compromise with the employer. Consider offering concessions in other areas of the employment contract in exchange for modifications to the restrictive covenants. It’s about bargaining power v benefits.

Why would you need an experienced solicitor that has negotiated these previously?

Seeking the guidance of an experienced solicitor is essential when negotiating restrictive covenants and settlement agreements for several reasons:

  1. Legal expertise: A solicitor specialising in employment law has in-depth knowledge of relevant legislation, case law and industry standards so knows how to approach the negotiations . They can provide valuable insights into your rights, obligations and potential risks associated so you are fully protected and informed.
  2. Strategic advice: An experienced solicitor can assess the specific circumstances of your employment situation and provide strategic advice on how to negotiate effectively. They can help you identify key issues, anticipate potential challenges and develop a negotiation strategy tailored to your objectives.
  3. Negotiation skills: Solicitors skilled in employment law have experience negotiating with employers and their legal representatives. They can advocate on your behalf, present your case persuasively and negotiate favourable terms for modifications to restrictive covenants. This means you don’t have the stress or risk losing the deal.
  4. Compliance assurance: Employment law is complex and subject to frequent changes. By consulting with an experienced solicitor, you can ensure that your negotiation and any resulting agreements comply with current legal requirements, minimising the risk of future disputes or legal challenges.
  5. Peace of mind: Having an experienced solicitor on your side provides peace of mind knowing that you have professional guidance and support throughout the negotiation process. You can trust their expertise to help you achieve the best possible outcome while safeguarding your legal rights.

Overall, working with an experienced solicitor specialising in employment law is invaluable when negotiating restrictive covenants, settlements and understanding redundancy, as they can provide the legal expertise, strategic advice and advocacy needed to navigate the complexities of the negotiation process effectively.

Karen Holden

Founder and MD


Karen is the visionary founder of A City Law Firm, recognised globally and ranked by Chambers & Partners. She has years of legal expertise s in advising founders and businesses in all sectors , but particularly in cutting-edge sectors such as AI, blockchain, fintech, and autonomous technology.

Her firm stands at the forefront of innovation, providing bespoke legal solutions for businesses preparing for investment, navigating international expansions, and protecting intellectual property in rapidly evolving industries. Her idea to offer fixed fees and packages are born with her vision to offer accessible but bespoke legal services to everyone.

Director & Head of Commercial Team

Founder and MD


Jacqueline heads up our Corporate and Commercial Team, is a Director of the Firm and sits on the Management Team. She is a confident and skilled negotiator, achieves favourable results for her clients and is a seasoned innovator.

Jacqueline head up a specialist team of lawyers best placed to advise on new innovation. Whilst she oversees all work undertaken by her team, she also runs the more complex investment rounds and enjoys working with those looking to disrupt their marketplace or using new and innovative technologies. She has specialist experience in crypto-currency and block chain, where she runs a steering panel of experts in this field as well as giving expert commentary and talks. She has a passion and understanding of machine learning and AI and works closely with our clients in developing their IP, business and securing investment. She has an array of clients across a multitude of sectors and disciplines, each at varying stages of funding, expansion and exits.

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